COLONIAL 


TS 


NEWBURYPORT,  1697.  WHITTIER. 
UP  AND  DOWN  THE  VILLAGE  STREETS 
STRANGE  ARE  THE  FORMS  MY  FANCY 

MEETS, 
FOR  THE  THOUGHTS  AND  THINGS  OF 

TO-DAY  ARE  HID, 
AND  THROUGH  THE  VEIL  OF  A  CLOSED 

LID 
THE  ANCIENT  WORTHIES  I  SEE  AGAIN. 


OF  THK 

UNIVERSITY 


The 


0/  the 

TOWLE  MFG.  Co. 

Which  is  intended  to  De- 
lineate and  Describe  some 
Quaint  and  Historic  Places 
in  NEWBURYPORT  and  Vicinity 
and  show  the  Origin  and 
Beauty  of  the  COLONIAL 
Pattern  of  Silverware. 

Copyright,  i8qS 


gffl 


NEWBURYPORT 

HE  history  of  Newburyport  is  variously 
written,  and,  in  a  way,  completely  re- 
corded; but  this  mass  of  material,  precious 
as  it  is,  only  suggests  the  wealth  of  romance 
centering  about  the  old  town,  locked  up 
in  journals  and  log-books,  or  fading  away 
in  the  memories  of  the  few  relics  of  earlier 
and  more  picturesque  times. 
The  ideals  of  to-day,  here  as  everywhere  else,  are  properly  busi- 
ness and  progress  on  the  lines  of  modern  opportunities;  and  this 
is  the  same  spirit  of  enterprise  which  led  our  progenitors  of 
seventy-five  or  one  hundred  years  ago  to  their  undertakings  by 
sea  and  land,  and  brought  them  riches  and  renown  in  such 
generous  measure. 

That  they  are  interesting  and  picturesque  is  merely  incidental; 
their  purpose  was  as  matter-of-fact  and  practical  as  any  to-day, 
and  as  well  attained  ;  but  time  and  changed  customs  lend  charm 
to  their  personalities,  while  many  of  their  deeds  are  records  of 
bravery  and  greatness  that  would  be  memorable  under  any 
conditions. 

Going  back  still  further,  to  its  first  settlement  in  1635,  on  the 
banks  of  the  Parker  river,  called  by  the  Indians  Quascacunquen 
and  renamed  by  the  settlers  in  honor  of  their  spiritual  leader, 
we  see  a  band  of  sturdy  voyagers  giving  up  the  comforts  of  life 
in  the  mother  country  for  the  rugged  hardships  of  a  wilderness, 
and  between  them  a  long  and  tedious  passage  over  a  stormy  sea 
in  the  small  vessels  and  with  the  scant  knowledge  of  that  day. 
Some  of  them  had  the  previous  summer  journeyed  from  Boston 
to  Ipswich,  then  the  outpost,  where  they  were  joined  by  later 
arrivals;  and  traveling  by  land  even  for  so  short  a  distance  being 


Colonial 


difficult,  they  loaded  their  goods  in  open  boats  and  followed  the 
shore  to  the  pleasant  haven  which  had  been  selected  for  their 
home.  They  were  not  needy  nor  driven  to  this  step  for  a  liveli- 
hood, as  one  of  their  first  acts  was  stock  raising  on  an  extensive 
scale  with  cattle  imported  from  Holland,  and  in  the  company 
were  graduates  of  Oxford  University.  They  soon  established 
a  thriving  "plantation,"  as  it  was  then  termed,  and  were  early 
incorporated  and  represented  by  deputy  at  the  General  Court 
held  in  Boston  to  administer  the  affairs  of  Massachusetts  Bay. 

If  we  would  realize  the  strength  of  purpose  which  sustained 
these  colonists,  we  must  picture  the  conditions  which  confronted 
them.  The  severity  of  New  England  winter;  their  isolation 
and  lack  of  material  resources,  for  almost  everything  must  be 
laboriously  wrought  out;  their  danger  from  wild  beasts  and 
hostile  Indians;  and  the  uncertainty  of  those  crops  which  meant 
so  much  for  their  good  or  ill. 

That  they  persevered  and  succeeded,  Newburyport  is  the  evi- 
dence; but  the  story  of  their  trials  and  achievements  is  a  reproach 
to  the  easy  critic  of  the  present,  who  reaps  with  little  labor 
benefits  for  which  they  struggled  and  hoped,  but  of  which,  for 
the  most  part,  they  had  little  comprehension. 

That  they  were  devout  people  needs  no  saying,  their  public 
religious  worship  commencing  under  a  spreading  tree,  the  first 
Sunday  after  their  arrival.  That  they  also  recognized  the  needs 
of  the  body  as  well  as  the  soul,  is  evidenced  by  the  license 
granted  by  the  General  Court  to  one  of  the  settlers,  within  six 
months  of  their  arrival,  to  keep  an  ordinary,  or  inn,  for  the 
entertainment  of  such  as  needed.  This  community  was  early  in 
establishing  important  enterprises  which,  with  the  systematic 
parceling  out  of  the  land  and  the  development  and  management 
of  current  affairs,  gave  them  abundant  occupation  and  shows 
their  remarkable  energy  and  business  capacity.  The  descendants 
of  these  pioneers  occupy  practically  the  same  lands  to-day, 
which  are  among  the  most  prosperous  farms  of  the  region. 

The  growth  of  the  town  was  to  the  northward,  and  soon 
from  the  shelter  of  the  "Oldtown"  hills  the  settlement  stretched 


Colonial 


along  the  bank  of  the  Merrimac,  and,  embracing  eagerly  the 
opportunities  it  offered,  encouraged  maritime  enterprises  in  every 
way,  until  with  the  building  of  wharves  and  the  establishment  of 
ship-yards  began  the  era  which  was  to  give  to  Newburyport  its 
real  power  and  position.  The  small  vessels  for  fishing  became 
numerous,  and  were  followed  by  larger  and  more  pretentious 
craft,  which  carried  to  foreign  ports  the  products  of  the  country, 
and  brought  back  the  rich  goods  and  outfittings  needed  in  the 
rapidly  developing  community,  or  distributed  through  surround- 
ing and  inland  towns. 

Through  this  commerce  came  wealth  and  culture,  and  many 
are  the  evidences  of  magnificent  living  among  the  rich  merchants, 
while  the  numerous  ship-masters  returned  from  foreign  lands  with 
minds  broadened  and  stimulated  by  contact  with  other  peoples 
and  tastes  formed  which  greatly  modified  the  old  Puritan  customs. 

The  town  furnished  many  troops  for  the  Colonial  and  Indian 
wars,  and  was  foremost  in  the  demonstration  against  the  Stamp 
Act,  also  heartily  supporting  the  Revolutionary  war  from  the  first 
Lexington  alarm.  In  these  troops  were  officers  of  high  rank 
whose  deeds  of  valor  are  national  history. 

The  naval  forces  were  greatly  strengthened  by  ships  built 
here,  and  from  here  also  numerous  privateers  sailed  with  letters 
of  marque  and  returned  with  rich  prizes  to  b~  in  turn  fitted  out 


on  the  same  errands.  Many  are  the  thrilling  tales  of  capture, 
imprisonment,  and  escape  told  by  the  returning  heroes,  and  it  is 
small  wonder  that  with  the  prospect  of  booty  and  adventure  active 
young  men  took  naturally  to  the  sea. 

Commercial  activity  suffered  a  severe  blow  in  the  embargo 
placed  on  foreign  trade  by  the  government  in  1 807,  and  while 
it  lasted  shipping  was  at  a  complete  standstill.  A  few  years 
later,  in  1 8 1 1 ,  came  a  second  misfortune,  in  the  form  of  the 
great  fire  which  in  one  night  destroyed  sixteen  acres  of  the  busi- 
ness district,  including  nearly  all  the  important  public  buildings 
and  institutions.  Though  in  a  measure  soon  recovered  from, 
these  calamities  served  to  seriously  check  advancing  prosperity, 
and  while  later  there  were  large  importing  interests  they  failed 
to  reach  their  former  importance,  and  have  now,  with  changed 
methods  of  transportation,  almost  entirely  disappeared.  In 
their  place  have  come  mills  and  factories  with  their  attendant 
needs  and  influences,  bringing  a  larger  if  not  a  wealthier  popu- 
lation, and  it  is  by  these  that  the  city  must  continue  to  thrive. 

The  manufacture  of  silverware  is  one  of  these  factors,  which, 
having  its  beginning  as  shown  by  authentic  record  in  the  modest 


Colonial  Boofc 


enterprise  of  William  Moulton  in  1689,  has  steadily  developed 
until  it  is  now  one  of  the  most  important  industries;  and  it  is 
especially  fitting  that  a  Colonial  pattern  of  spoons  and  like  table- 
ware should  be  produced  where  one  of  the  first  silversmiths  of  the 
country  worked,  and  established  a  business  which  has  been  con- 
tinued without  interruption  to  the  present  day. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  in  this  connection  that  here  was  born 
Jeremiah  Dummer,  who,  in  1659,  was  apprenticed  to  John  Hull 
of  Boston,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  that  place  and  the  first  silver- 
smith in  America.  Jeremiah  Dummer,  who  was  thus  the  first 
native  American  to  practise  this  art,  was  afterward  judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  Suffolk  County,  and  was  the  father  of 
William  Dummer,  governor  of  the  Province  of  Massachusetts. 

Another  Newburyport  silversmith  who  attained  prominence 
outside  his  profession  was  Jacob  Perkins,  who,  in  1781,  at  the 
age  of  fifteen,  was  by  the  death  of  his  master  left  in  charge  of  his 
business,  and  who  at  twenty-one  was  employed  to  make  dies  for 
the  Massachusetts  Mint.  He  afterward  became  famous  as  an 
inventor,  and  removed  to  London,  where  his  genius  was  recognized 
by  the  Society  of  Liberal  Arts,  and  he  was  rewarded  with  their 
medals. 

During  this  eventful  history  many  men  have  arisen  here  to  be 
enrolled  among  the  world's  acknowledged  benefactors,  and  a 
few  of  these  were  noticed  on  another  page,  in  connection  with 
the  places  enriched  by  their  remembrance. 

The  growing  interest  in  such  matters  fostered  by  historical 
societies,  improvement  societies,  and  the  various  organizations  of 
descendants  of  Revolutionary  patriots,  is  a  marked  sign  of  the 
times,  and  to  such  it  is  hoped  these  pages  will  appeal;  while  to 
those  who  may  visit  Newburyport,  they  will  serve  as  an  intro- 
duction: and  others,  far  away,  may  realize  some  of  the  beauties 
and  attractions  of  this  old  New  England  city. 


Colonial  Uooit 


THE   EARLY   WARS. 

IN  the  foregoing  sketch  we  have  briefly  touched  upon  the  part 
of  Old  Newbury,  and  later,  Newburyport,  in  our  country's 
early  wars.     Their  record  in  the  establishment  and  defence 
of  our  National  government  can  be  but  outlined  here,  yet  how- 
ever incomplete  this  account,  it  seems  fit  at  a  time  of  such  wide 
awaking  to  the  glory  of  our  past,  when  individuals  recall  with 
justifiable  pride  the  services  of  patriotic  ancestors,  that  the  brilliant 
accomplishments,  and  also  the  not  less  glorious  though  unavailing 
efforts  of  a  community,  be  indicated  for  the  many  to  whom  the 
full  history  is  not  available. 

In  the  early  expeditions  against  hostile  Indians,  Newbury  took 
an  important  part,  from  the  Pequod  war  two  years  after  her 
settlement,  in  which  she  furnished  one-fifteenth  of  the  Massachu- 
setts quota;  the  King  Philip  war,  in  which  more  than  one-half 
her  eligible  inhabitants  were  enlisted;  the  French  and  Indian 
war,  when  a  part  of  her  expedition  against  Cape  Breton  was  cast 
away  and  lost;  to  the  war  with  the  Norridgewocks,  which  was 
terminated  by  the  killing  of  Sebastian  Ralle,  their  French  leader, 
by  Lieut.  Jaques  of  this  town. 

During  the  frequent  wars  between  France  and  England,  while 
this  country  was  still  a  colony,  many  men  went  from  here,  to  fight 
in  England's  cause  on  the  Canadian  frontier.  Chief  among  those 
were  Col.  Moses  Titcomb,  Capt.  William  Davenport,  and 
Nathaniel  Knapp.  The  former,  serving  in  many  campaigns  under 
Sir  William  Pepperell,  took  part  in  the  capture  of  Louisburg  and 
the  battle  of  Crown  Point,  where  he  was  shot  while  directing  his 
regiment  in  most  effective  operations.  Capt.  Davenport  raised 
companies  and  served  in  two  campaigns,  being  with  Gen.  Wolfe 
on  the  plains  of  Abraham,  and  a  few  days  later  at  the  surrender 
of  Quebec. 

It  was  reserved,  however,  for  the  thrilling  issues  of  the  war 
of  independence  to  call  forth  the  universal  and  unwavering 
patriotism  of  the  residents  of  old  Newbury. 

The  story  of  pre-revolutionary  agitation  in  Newburyport  is 
one  of  steadily  threatening  protest,  from  the  first  application  of 


Colonial  Uoofe 


the  Stamp  Act.  As  early  as  1765  a  stamp  distributor  was  hung 
in  effigy,  while  visiting  strangers  were  subjected  to  rough  hand- 
ling, if  they  were  not  quick  to  proclaim  their  antipathy  to  this 
measure.  Such  treatment  was  perforce  exercised  upon  strangers, 
if  at  all,  as  in  this  town  only  four  persons  were  suspected  of 
loyalism  and  of  these  there  was  proof  against  but  one,  who  died 
before  the  call  to  war  which  would  have  revealed  his  position. 
This  was  a  record  perhaps  unequalled. 

From  that  time  to  the  actual  outbreak  of  hostilities,  Newbury- 
port  was  in  a  ferment  of  restrained  rebellion;  this  unity  of  opinion 
and  harmony  of  action  would  have  been  impossible  in  a  lesser 
cause,  and  was  the  more  remarkable  when  we  consider  that  such 
action  meant  the  sacrifice  of  a  large  part  of  the  town's  greatest 
interest,  her  commerce  and  its  dependent  shipbuilding,  and  that 
the  rejection  of  British  goods  meant  the  retirement  of  the  many 
vessels  in  that  trade. 

This  was  the  actual  result  ;  but  instead  of  turning  the  people 
from  their  elected  course  it  added  to  their  determination,  and  they 
organized  to  prevent  possible  smuggling  of  the  detested  com- 
modities. Under  the  wise  and  temperate  leadership  of  the 
Committee  of  Safety,  they  corresponded  with  neighboring  towns 
and  the  remoter  colonies,  and  when  the  first  blow  was  struck  at 
Lexington  it  found  them  ready  and  impatient  for  the  great 
struggle  for  civil  liberty. 

It  was  eleven  o'clock  at  night  on  the  nineteenth  of  April, 
1775,  when  the  courier  bearing  news  of  the  fight  at  Lexington 
reached  this  town;  but  not  a  moment  was  lost,  and  before  mid- 
night the  first  detachment  of  minute-men  w  as  galloping  over  the 
road,  while  morning  found  four  companies  on  the  way  to  the 
scene  of  conflict.  At  the  termination  of  this  alarm  these  compa- 
nies returned,  but  others  were  soon  formed  for  regular  service 
in  the  Continental  army,  and  did  memorable  work  at  the 
battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 


Colonial  ISoofc 


Space  forbids  following  these  troops  through  this  and  other 
battles,  but  a  few  figures  rise  pre-eminent,  and  no  account,  how- 
ever slight,  would  be  complete  without  them. 

Col.  Moses  Little  was  in  command  of  a  regiment  in  many- 
important  battles  of  the  Revolution,  beginning  with  Bunker  Hill, 
where  he  was  officer  of  the  day  when  Washington  took  command. 
On  account  of  ill  health  brought  on  in  the  service,  he  declined 
the  commission  of  brigadier  general,  and  the  command  of  a 
special  expedition  raised  by  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts. 

Col.  Edward  Wigglesworth  was  appointed  to  a  regiment  early 
in  1776,  and  served  with  distinction  for  three  years,  when  he 
was  retired  at  his  own  request.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in 
Arnold's  expedition  on  Lake  Champlain,  being  third  in  com- 
mand, and  materially  aided  the  retreat  of  the  flotilla  when  it 
was  hemmed  in  by  the  enemy. 

Captain,  afterward  Major,  Ezra  Lunt  was  another  who  served 
at  Bunker  Hill,  and  it  is  asserted  that  his  company  was  formed 
in  the  broad  aisle  of  the  Old  South  church  at  the  close  of  a  sermon, 
in  response  to  the  pastor's  appeal  for  volunteers;  and  that  it  was 
the  first  volunteer  company  of  the  Continental  army. 

Here  formed  and  embarked  the  important  expedition  under 
Benedict  Arnold,  then  a  valued  officer  in  the  patriot  army,  which, 
penetrating  to  Quebec,  assisted  Montgomery  in  his  gallant  assault. 

As  it  was  with  maritime  affairs  that  Newburyport  was  chiefly 
identified,  it  is  to  the  sea  that  we  must  look  for  her  most  brilliant 
and  individual  victories. 

Congress  soon  realized  that  our  shipping  was  being  rapidly  ex- 
terminated by  the  armed  vessels  of  the  enemy,  and  issued  letters 
of  marque  to  assist  the  feeble  and  barely  established  navy  in  re- 
taliating for  these  encroachments;  ship  owners  here  were  not 
slow  to  accept  these  privileges,  and  many  privateers  were  fitted 
out  and  manned,  often  by  the  flower  of  the  town's  youth;  one 


of  these,  the  Yankee  Hero,  the  second  of  that  name,  sailing  in 
1775  under  Capt.  James  Tracy,  with  twenty  guns  and  a  crew 
of  one  hundred  and  seventy  men,  including  fifty  from  Newbury- 
port's  first  families,  was  never  afterward  heard  from. 

The  spirit  that  animated  these  bold  mariners  may  be  judged 
from  the  announcement  made  on  the  occasion  of  prayers  in  church 
for  the  success  of  the  Game  Cock,  the  first  privateer  to  sail  out 
of  any  port,  that  she  hoped  to  "scour  the  coast  of  our  unnatural 
enemies,"  though  she  was  a  sloop  of  but  twenty-four  tons. 
She  sailed  from  Newburyport  in  August,  1775,  and  succeeded 
in  bringing  prizes  into  port. 

It  would  be  difficult  to  estimate  the  number  of  these  privateers, 
but  that  they  were  numerous  and  successful  will  be  understood 
when  it  is  stated  that  twenty-four  ships  of  which  Mr.  Nathaniel 
Tracy  was  principal  owner,  with  a  tonnage  of  6,330  and  carry- 
ing 2,800  men,  captured  from  the  enemy  one  hundred  and 
twenty  vessels  amounting  to  23,360  tons,  and  which  with  their 
cargoes  were  sold  for  three  million  nine  hundred  and  fifty  thousand 
specie  dollars.  Mr.  Tracy  was  also  principal  owner  in  one 
hundred  and  ten  other  vessels,  twenty-three  of  which  were  let- 
ters of  marque.  These  vessels  were  closely  allied  to  the  regular 
navy,  which  was  now  gaining  strength,  and  we  find  the  same  men 
alternating  between  the  command  of  privateers  and  government 
vessels,  as  the  fortunes  of  war  permitted. 

The  frigates  Boston,  Hancock,  and  Protection, 
and  the  brig  Pickering,  were  builc  here,  as  well  as 
the  sloop  of  war  Merrimac  which  was  built  by  sub- 
scription and  tendered  to  the  government,  when  its 
funds  were  reduced,  to  be  paid  for  at  a  very  low  price 


when  convenient.  She  was  commanded  by  Capt.  Moses  Brown 
of  this  port,  a  remarkably  gallant  sailor,  and  during  the  five  years 
that  she  was  in  commission  made  many  important  captures. 

The  war  ships  Alliance  and  Warren  were  also  built  on  the 
Merrimac,  just  above  Newburyport,  and  were  fitted  out  at  this 
place. 

The  name  of  Paul  Jones,  the  intrepid  and  irresistible  "Citizen 
of  the  World,"  as  he  later  styled  himself,  whose  brilliant  prowess 
was  developed  in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  is  connected 
with  Newburyport  through  two  of  his  ablest  lieutenants,  Henry 
and  Cutting  Lunt. 

The  messieurs  Lunt,  cousins,  first  shipped  in  the  brig  Dalton, 
Captain  Eleazer  Johnston,  which  sailed,  with  a  crew  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty  men,  November  15,  1776.  The  Dalton 
was  captured,  the  twenty-fourth  of  the  following  December,  by 
the  sixty-four-gun  man-of-war  Reasonable,  of  the  English  navy, 
and  her  crew  cast  into  Mill  Prison,  Plymouth,  where  they  re- 
mained, and  suffered  great  hardships,  for  more  than  two  years, 
and  were  finally  released  through  the  efforts  of  Benjamin  Franklin. 
During  this  time  Charles  Herbert  of  Newburyport,  one  of  the 
number,  wrote  a  journal  which  he  preserved  in  spite  of  the  close 
inspection  to  which  they  were  subjected.  After  his  death  this 
journal  was  published^  and  forms  a  most  interesting  and  valuable 
record  of  life  in  an  English  prison. 

Henry  and  Cutting  Lunt,  on  obtaining  their  liberty,  went  to 
France  and  enlisted  as  midshipmen  with  Paul  Jones,  on  the  Eon 
Homme  Richard  then  fitting  out  at  L*  Orient.  They  were  speedily 
promoted  lieutenants,  and  served  their  able  commander,  whom 
they  greatly  admired,  in  many  of  his  fiercest  engagements,  in- 


Colonial  JSoofe 


eluding  that  with  the  Serapis.  It  was  in  this  terrible  battle,  when 
Commodore  Jones  was  fighting  against  heavy  oddt,,  that  his  success 
was  almost  reversed  by  the  traitorous  act  of  his  subordinate,  the 
Frenchman  Landais.  The  latter  was  in  command  of  the  ship 
Alliance  before  mentioned,  and,  inspired  by  jealousy,  continued 
under  the  presumable  excuse  of  firing  at  the  enemy,  to  rake  the 
decks  of  the  Bon  Homme  Richard,  in  spite  of  the  frantic  signals 
of  the  latter.  Many  Newburypor  men  were  in  the  crew  of  the 
Alliance  at  that  time,  and  were  thus  obliged  to  fire  on  their 
friends  and  townsmen. 

When  Paul  Jones  was  recruiting  for  a  frigate  building  for  him 
at  Portsmouth,  he  came  to  Newburyport  to  engage  Henry  Lunt, 
and  expressed  great  regret  when  he  found  that  Lieutenant  Lunt 
had  sailed  on  the  letter  of  marque  ship  Intrepid,  of  this  port. 
He  remarked  that  he  would  prefer  Mr.  Lunt  to  any  officer  he 
had  ever  known. 

Many  seamen  from  Newburyport  also  served  under  Jones  in 
the  Ranger,  Bon  Homme  Richard,  Alliance,  and  Ariel. 

While  men-of-war  and  privateers  carried  brave  men  to  seek 
the  enemy  abroad,  those  left  at  home  were  far  from  idle.  Ship- 
building was  very  active,  forts  were  established  and  maintained 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  while  the  English  ship  Friends,  which 
had  mistaken  this  port  for  Boston,  was  captured  off  the  bar,  by 
the  stratagem  of  adventurous  spirits  who  had  observed  her  actions 
from  the  town  and  boarded  her  in  open  boats. 

In  1779  the  ship  Vengeance  and  the  schooner  Shark  fitted  out 
here  and  joined  the  ill-fated  expedition  by  which  it  was  intended 
to  overthrow  the  British  military  post  on  the  Penobscot,  but 
which,  after  entering  the  harbor,  was  hemmed  in  by  a  large  fleet 


Colonial 


of  the  enemies'  ships,  that  appeared  unexpectedly.  Rather  than 
see  them  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  British,  the  commander  of  the 
expedition  ordered  his  ships  burned,  and  the  crews  found  their 
way  home  overland. 

The  war  of  1  8  1  2  found  Newburyport  just  recovering  from 
the  great  fire  of  1  8  1  1  ,  and  the  paralyzing  Embargo  of  previous 
years.  In  striking  contrast  to  their  war  spirit  in  the  Revolution, 
the  people  of  this  town  were  almost  unanimously  opposed  to  this 
second  war  with  England,  and  this  not  for  reasons  of  mere  com- 
mercial policy,  however  much  they  needed  business,  but  on  the 
ground  that  such  a  war  was  unjustified,  and  that  the  differences 
might  easily  be  settled  in  other  ways.  An  address  adopted  in 
full  town  meeting  was  sent  to  the  legislature  of  Massachusetts, 
in  which  they  declared  their  willingness  to  stand  by  the  Con- 
stitution and  defend  their  rights,  and  their  equal  unwillingness 
to  take  any  aggressive  part  in  the  proposed  war.  These  senti- 
ments were  in  the  main  adhered  to,  throughout  hostilities,  and 
in  pursuance  of  them,  forts  were  manned  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Merrimac  and  at  other  points  on  Plum  Island,  which  served  to 
keep  at  bay  several  English  ships  that  hovered  around  this  part 
of  the  coast,  in  the  hope  of  destroying  the  sloop  of  war  Wasp 
and  gunboats  Number  Eighty-one  and  Number  Eighty-three, 
then  building  here. 

Although  privateering  shared  to  a  great  degree  the  unpopularity 
of  the  war,  quite  a  number  were  fitted  out  here,  some  of  which 
made  brilliant  records.  Chief  among  these  was  the  brig  Deca- 
tur,  Captain  William  Nichols,  which,  during  two  weeks  of  one 
voyage,  captured  eight  vessels,  four  of  which  were  armed. 
Earlier  in  the  war  Captain  Nichols  was  in  command  of  the 
merchant  ship  Alert,  which  was  taken  by  the  British  man-of- 
war  Semramis,  and  ordered  to  Plymouth  under  a  guard  from  the 
latter.  Before  reaching  that  port,  however,  Captain  Nichols 


and  his  men  regained  control  of  the  ship  and  imprisoned  the 
British  seamen  in  the  hold.  Unfortunately,  they  soon  fell  in 
with  another  British  ship,  the  Vestal,  which  again  took  them 
and  carried  them  to  Portsmouth,  England.  This  may  have  de- 
termined Captain  Nichols  to  his  latter  course  which  was  of 
undoubted  service  to  the  National  cause. 

Privateering,  though  apparently  very  remunerative  during 
the  war  of  the  Revolution,  did  not  prove  so  in  the  end,  except 
as  it  stimulated  business  for  the  time  being,  and  the  enormous 
fortunes  gained  by  individuals  were  much  reduced  by  later 
losses  and  contributions  to  the  expense  of  war.  In  addition  to 
the  many  merchant  ships  captured  by  the  English,  twenty-two 
vessels,  carrying  over  one  thousand  men,  sailed  from  here  and 
were  never  afterward  heard  from. 

In  the  eight  years  from  the  battle  of  Lexington  to  the  proc- 
lamation of  peace,  Newburyport  raised  for  current  expenses 
$2,522,500,  which  was  eighty-five  times  the  aggregate  of 
appropriations  for  an  equal  period  immediately  preceding. 

It  was  at  first  intended  to  print  here  the  names  of  all  who 
served  in  the  Revolutionary  wars,  from  Newbury  and  Newbury- 
port, but  the  impossibility  of  this  becomes  apparent  when  we 
find  that  in  the  neighborhood  of  fifteen  hundred  were  in  the 
army  alone,  at  one  time  or  another;  while  the  number  of  those 
that  were  in  the  navy  or  privateers  would  be  difficult  even  to 
estimate.  In  place  of  this,  the  publishers  of  this  book  will  freely 
send  to  any  of  Newbury  or  Newburyport  ancestry,  all  availa- 
ble record  of  any  name  submitted,  or  will,  in  any  other  way 
possible,  identify  early  patriots. 


Colonial 


A  LTHOUGH  commerce  and  ship-building  were  the  chief 
«/"~\.  industrial  interests  of  Newburyport  in  its  early  years, 
invention  and  manufacturing  were  by  no  means  absent. 
Reference  has  been  made  to  the  antiquity  of  silversmithing  here, 
and  much  more  might  be  said  of  the  extent  of  this  industry,  and 
the  variety  of  articles  manufactured.  Some  of  them,  as  for 
instance  silver  shoe-buckles,  are  now  obsolete,  while  silver  thim- 
bles and  necklaces  of  gold  beads,  though  still  used,  are  not 
commonly  the  product  of  silversmiths.  In  1824,  machinery 
was  invented  here  for  the  manufacture  of  silver  thimbles,  and  an 
extensive  business  was  developed  in  this  line,  but  it  has  long 
since  ceased  to  exist. 

Many  instances  might  be  cited  of  great  men  who  were  trained 
as  gold  or  silversmiths,  but  whose  talents  afterwards  enriched 
other  branches  of  art  or  science.  In  the  old  world,  Cellini  and 
Michael  Angelo  were  prominent  examples,  and,  later,  Paul 
Revere  arose  in  this  country  and  rendered  important  services  for 
the  welfare,  comfort,  and  prosperity  of  a  struggling  people.  In 
like  manner,  Jacob  Perkins,  the  Newburyport  silversmith,  whose 
great  skill  as  engraver  and  die-  cutter,  as  well  as  silversmith,  is 
elsewhere  referred  to,  was  too  richly  endowed  with  ideas  and 
ambition  to  limit  his  efforts  to  a  narrow  field. 

He  was  born  July  9,  1766,  and  died  July  13,  1849,  a^ter  a 
life  of  versatile  activity  in  the  mechanic  arts  and  sciences,  where, 
in  the  face  of  triumphs  that  would  have  satisfied  many,  we  find 
him  turning  from  one  problem  to  another,  and  gaining  new  laurels 
from  each.  One  of  his  most  important  inventions  was  a  machine 
for  making  nails,  produced  when  he  was  but  twenty-four  years 
of  age.  At  that  time  all  nails  were  forged  by  hand,  and  a  good 
workman  could  produce  one  thousand  in  a  day.  With  his  per- 
fected machines,  the  daily  product  of  one  man  was  increased  to 
ten  kegs,  of  one  hundred  pounds  each. 

He  associated  with  himself  Messrs  Guppy  &  Armstrong  of 
Newburyport,  who  built  the  machines,  and  together  they  estab- 


lished  a  manufactory  at  Newbury  Falls,  a  part  of  the  town  now 
called  Byfield,  where  water-power  was  available. 

In  the  following  extract  from  an  advertisement  in  the  Impartial 
ilerald,  Newburyport,  1795,  we  catch  a  glimpse  of  business 
methods  in  those  days  of  quaint  customs  :  — 

The  patentee  would  inform  the  public  that  they  have  begun 
the  manufacture  of  brads,  and  will  have  a  considerable  number 
in  fourteen  or  twenty  days.  As  some  will  naturally  think  they 
cannot  supply  the  whole  continent  and  will  therefore  order  from 
abroad,  they  would  say  that  they  have  three  engines  which  will 
make  thirty-six  hundred  thousand  weekly,  and  will  add  one 
engine  each  month. 

N.  B.  A  few  whitesmiths  may  have  constant  employ  and 
liberal  wages. 

Jacob  Perkins,  Inventor. 
Guppy&  Armstrong. 


n       . 
Pr°Pnet°rs 


To  follow  in  detail  all  the  enterprises  and  achievements  of 
Jacob  Perkins  would  unduly  extend  this  article,  and  we  can  only 
briefly  refer  to  the  most  important. 

He  invented  a  stereotype  check-plate  for  the  reverse  of  bank- 
bills,  designed  for  the  prevention  of  counterfeiting.  This  was 
very  successful,  there  being  no  record  of  an  attempt  to  counter- 
feit it,  whereas  the  practice  had  been  very  common  with  those 
previously  used. 

During  the  war  of  1  8  1  2,  he  was  employed  by  the  National 
government  in  the  construction  of  machinery  for  boring  out  old 
and  honey-combed  cannon,  and  he  invented  a  steam  gun  that 
discharged  one  thousand  balls  a  minute. 

He  made  great  improvements  in  hardening  and  softening  steel 
and  particularly  applied  these  to  the  engraving  of  that  metal. 

He  demonstrated  the  compressibility  of  water,  inventing  the 
Piezometer  for  this  purpose,  and  invented  instruments  for 
measuring  the  depth  of  the  sea.  On  his  arrival  in  London  in 
1820,  he  published  a  treatise  on  these  subjects.  He  also 
experimented  on  new  types  of  the  steam  engine,  in  some  employ- 


ing  steam  at  a  pressure  of  65  atmospheres,  or  975  pounds  to 
the  square  inch. 

To  him'  all  phenomena  and  conditions  seem  to  have  been  a 
challenge,  and  he  applied  his  powers  to  the  solution  of  any 
problem  presented.  In  London  he  was  known  as  the  "American 
Inventor,'*  and  was  accorded  much  distinction. 

Another  industry  inaugurated  by  Newburyport  capital  was 
located  at  the  falls  in  Byfield.  This  was  the  Newburyport 
Woolen  Company,  established  in  1794,  the  first  company  in- 
corporated for  that  business  in  the  state,  and  by  some  authorities 
named  as  the  first  woolen  manufactory  in  America.  The  card- 
ing and  other  machines  for  its  equipment  were  built  by  Stand- 
ring,  Guppy,  &  Armstrong,  in  Newburyport,  being  set  up  in 
"Lord"  Timothy  Dexter' s  stable;  and  were  the  first  made 
in  this  country. 

At  Newbury  a  fulling  mill  had  been  in  operation  since  1687, 
when  it  was  established  by  Peter  Cheney,  who  sold  it  to  John 
Pearson,  by  whose  descendants  it  was  operated  as  a  fulling  mill 
and  blanket  factory  until  destroyed  by  fire.  It  was  succeeded 
by  the  present  mill,  established  by  the  Pearsons,  who  are  most 
prominently  identified  with  this  industry. 

At  Byfield,  also,  machinery  for  making  wooden  shoe -pegs 
was  invented  by  Paul  Pillsbury.  This  article  completely  revolu- 
tionized the  manufacture. 

Other  industries  that  at  the  beginning  of  this  century  contributed 
largely  to  Newburyport' s  prosperity,  were: — cordage-making, 
employing  fifty  hands;  boot  and  shoe  making  (Newbury  and 
Newburyport  together),  employing  upwards  of  one  hundred  and 
fifty  hands,  these  being  scattered  in  the  little  shops  that  dotted 
the  country  in  that  day;  comb-making,  the  product  of  which  was 
nearly  $200,000,  annually;  tobacco-manufacture,  in  the  form  of 


Colonial 


snuffs  and  cigars;  tanning;  morocco-dressing;  wool-pulling; 
carriage-building;  and  not  least  of  all,  distilling.  Rum  was  a 
very  important  commodity,  freely  drunk  by  high  and  low;  and 
few  advertisements  of  merchandise  were  seen  without  the 
announcement  of  a  choice  hogshead  of  rum,  generally  in  large 
type  at  the  head  of  the  list. 

At  the  close  of  the  last  century  there  were  ten  distilleries  in 
active  operation  here,  contributing  to  the  reputation  of  New 
England  rum. 

Another  notable  feature  was  Newburyport's  importance  as  a 
publishing  centre,  and  the  extent  of  its  retail  book-trade. 

The  first  newspaper  here  was  established  in  1773,  by  Isaiah 
Thomas  and  Henry  W.  Tinges,  who,  on  December  4  of  that 
year,  issued  the  first  number  of  the  Essex  Journal  and  New 
Hampshire  Packet. 

Only  a  few  of  the  books  published  here  can  be  alluded  to,  but 
some  of  these  were  of  much  importance. 

The  first  system  of  Arithmetic  published  in  this  country  was 
the  work  of  Nicholas  Pike,  a  Newburyport  school-master,  and 
was  published  here  in  1787.  This  was  a  very  comprehensive 
work,  and  was  an  authority  for  many  years. 

Blunt's  famous  "Coast  Pilot"  and  other  nautical  works  were 
published  here  by  Blunt  &  March,  who  also  issued  many  other 
volumes,  including  medical  works,  Bibles,  Testaments,  hymn 
books,  and  other  religious  works,  such  as  ''Christ's  Famous 
Titles  and  Believer's  Golden  Chain,  together  with  Cabinet  of 
Jewels." 

Other  works  were:  Quarles'  "Emblems  and  Hieroglyphics 
of  the  Life  of  Man,"  1799,  with  copperplate  engravings;  "The 
Life  of  Nelson;"  "The  Life  of  Paul  Jones;"  "The  Poetical 
Works  of  Peter  Pindar,  a  Distant  Relation  of  the  Poet  of 


•mm. 


Thebes;"  the  "Idler,"  in  two  volumes;  and  Volume  II  of 
"Letters  Written  by  the  late  Right  Honorable  Philip  Dorman 
Stanhope,  Earl  of  Chesterfield,"  Volume  I  of  which  was  pub- 
lished at  Boston. 

The  publishers  of  these  were  Angier  March,  successor  to 
Blunt  &  March,  Thomas  &  Whipple,  and  John  Mycall. 

An  evidence  of  the  magnitude  of  this  business  is  the  extensive 
advertising  of  books  in  the  local  papers  of  that  time,  and  the  fact 
that  one  of  the  stores  burned  in  the  great  fire  of  1811,  con- 
tained a  stock  of  $30,000  worth  of  books. 

Newburyport  is,  or  has  been,  more  or  less  identified  with  some 
of  the  most  prominent  educational  institutions  of  the  present,  first 
among  which  is  Harvard  College.  The  town  of  Newbury  con- 
tributed to  the  support  of  this  institution  in  its  earliest  years,  and 
had  the  honor  of  claiming  its  first  graduate,  Benjamin  Woodbridge 
of  this  town  being  placed  at  the  head  of  the  class  of  nine  who 
completed  the  course  in  1642. 

Position  in  the  class  was  determined  by  the  standing  or  rank 
of  the  families  of  members,  a  method  in  keeping  with  the  rigid 
social  distinctions  of  those  days. 

Newburyport  furnished  seven  professors  to  Harvard  College, 
including  Samuel  Webber  who  was  made  president  in  1 806, 
and  Cornelius  Conway  Felton,  who  was  similarly  honored  in 
1860.  Other  college  presidents  born  here  were  Samuel  C. 
Bartlett  of  Dartmouth,  Leonard  Woods  of  Bowdoin,  and  Ben- 
jamin Hale  of  Hobart. 

Dummer  Academy,  Newbury,  was  founded  by  Governor 
Dummer  in  1761,  and  was  the  first  institution  of  its  kind  in 
operation  in  America.  It  has  had  a  notable  history,  and  is  still 
in  a  flourishing  condition. 


Colonial 


EMINENT    MEN    OF    EARLY    TIMES    RESIDENT 
HERE,  NOT  ELSEWHERE  MENTIONED. 

Chief  Justice  Samuel  Sewall,  the  subject  of  Whittier's  poem 
of  which  the  quotation  on  the  first  page  of  this  book  is  the  be- 
ginning, was  born  in  1652,  and  was  one  of  the  most  learned 
and  respected  men  of  his  time.  He  married  Hannah  Hull, 
daughter  of  John  Hull,  master  of  the  Massachusetts  Mint,  re- 
ferred to  on  another  page  as  the  first  silversmith  in  Boston,  who 
presented  the  bride  with  a  dowry  equal  to  her  weight,  in  silver 
sixpences. 

Theophilus  Bradbury,  a  jurist  of  distinction  and  member  of 
Congress  under  Washington's  administration,  was  born  here  in 
1739.  He  was  also  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Massa- 
chusetts. 

Charles  Jackson,  a  son  of  Jonathan  Jackson,  was  born  in  1775, 
and  became  an  eminent  lawyer  and  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Massachusetts. 

Patrick  Tracy  Jackson,  born  in  Newburyport  in  1780. 
Merchant  and  originator,  with  his  brother-in-law,  Francis  C. 
Lowell,  of  cotton-cloth  manufacture  in  America.  They  invented 
machinery,  and  established  a  mill  at  Waltham  which  was  in 
successful  operation  many  years,  and  was  said  to  be  the  first 
manufactory  in  the  world  to  combine  cotton  spinning  and  weav- 
ing, under  one  roof.  Later,  Mr.  Jackson  purchased  the  entire 
site  and  water  privilege  of  the  present  city  of  Lowell,  which  he 
founded,  and  named  in  honor  of  his  brother-in-law  and  former 
partner,  then  dead.  In  1830,  Mr.  Jackson,  in  company  with 
Mr.  Boot,  conceived  the  project  of  constructing  a  railroad  in 
New  England,  and,  overcoming  great  obstacles,  completed  it  in 
1835.  This  was  the  Boston  &  Lowell  Railroad,  now  a  part 
of  the  Boston  &  Maine  system. 

Charles  Toppan,  the  first  president  of  the  American  Bank  Note 
Company,  was  born  in  1  796,  and  studied  engraving  in  Phila- 
delphia. He  was  later  associated  with  Jacob  Perkins,  with  whom 
he  went  to  England  to  introduce  improvements  in  bank-note 
engraving.  In  1858,  he  organized  the  American  Bank  Note 
Company  of  New  York,  with  branches  in  Boston,  Philadelphia, 
Cincinnati,  New  Orleans,  and  Montreal. 

Jacob  Little,  son  of  a  prosperous  merchant  of  Newburyport, 
was  born  in  1  797,  and  at  an  early  age  entered  the  employ  of 


a  prominent  merchant  of  New  York.  He  afterward  became  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange,  and  was  the 
acknowledged  head  of  the  financial  world  of  that  city. 

William  Wheel wright,  one  of  Newburyport's  greatest  bene- 
factors, was  born  In  1798.  He  was  a  ship-master,  and  was 
cast  away  on  the  coast  of  Brazil  in  1823;  which  led  him  to 
settle  and  engage  in  business  in  South  America,  in  the  develop- 
ment of  which  he  became  a  prominent  factor.  He  established 
steamship  lines  and  built  the  first  railroads  on  that  continent, 
overcoming  tremendous  natural  obstacles,  and  finally  accumu- 
lating great  wealth.  His  statue  in  bronze  stands  in  the  public 
square  of  Valparaiso,  the  gift  of  the  people,  in  recognition  of 
his  achievements. 

He  always  retained  his  attachment  for  and  interest  in  his  native 
town,  and  in  his  will  provided  for  the  establishment  of  a  scientific 
school  here,  when  the  fund,  which  now  amounts  to  $400,000, 
should  be  sufficient.  A  part  of  the  income  of  this  sum  is  now 
used  to  defray  the  expenses  of  a  scientific  education  for  such 
graduates  of  the  High  School  as  desire  it,  some  being  maintained 
in  Europe  for  this  purpose. 

Caleb  Gushing,  the  eminent  lawyer  and  statesman,  was  born  in 
Salisbury  in  the  year  1800,  but  came  to  Newburyport  with 
his  parents  at  the  age  of  two  years.  He  was  educated  for  the 
bar,  and  early  achieved  distinction  in  his  profession.  He  was 
minister  to  China  and  to  Spain,  and  represented  this  country  at 
the  Geneva  tribunal. 

He  was  also  commissioned  brigadier  general  in  the  Mexican 
War,  and  held  many  other  important  offices. 

Others  whom  Newburyport  has  been  proud  to  call  her  sons 
by  birth  or  adoption  are: — 

Right  Reverend  Thomas  M.  Clarke,  Bishop  of  Rhode 
Island,  born  here  in  1812. 


Colonial 


Benjamin  Perley  Poore,  journalist  and  author,  born  at  Indian 
Hill  Farm,  Newbury,  the  home  of  his  ancestors  for  many 
generations,  in  1820. 

General  A.  W.  Greeley,  of  the  United  States  Army,  com- 
mander of  the  Arctic  Expedition  bearing  his  name.  He  was 
born  in  1  844. 

Mr.  William  C.  Todd,  founder  of  the  Free  Reading  Room 
of  this  city,  and  lately  donor  of  $50,000  to  maintain  a  free 
newspaper  reading  room  in  the  Boston  Public  Library.  Mr. 
Todd  was  born  in  Atkinson,  N.  H.,  in  1823;  and  was  for 
many  years  principal  of  the  Female  High  School  of  this  city. 

Josiah  Little,  founder  of  the  Public  Library. 

Michael  Simpson,  by  whose  liberality  the  Public  Library 
building  was  greatly  enlarged  and  improved. 

George  Peabody,  the  famous  London  banker,  whose  benefac- 
tions amounted  to  millions  of  dollars.  Mr.  Peabody  received 
his  early  business  training  here  in  the  employ  of  his  brother,  but 
was  obliged  to  leave  Newburyport  after  the  great  fire  of  1  8  1  1  . 
He  endowed  the  Newburyport  Public  Library  with  a  fund  of 
$15,000. 

NOTES. 

The  quaint  old  sign  of  the  Wolfe  Tavern,  pictured  at  the 
end  of  this  book,  is  a  pleasing  reminder  of  the  ancient  instituticn 
of  that  hostelry,  as  well  as  a  token  of  early  patriotism  and 
tribute  to  military  greatness. 

Captain  William  Davenport  brought  back  from  the  plains  of 
Abraham    enthusiastic    appreciation    of   his    late    commander, 
General  Wolfe,  who  fell  a  sacrifice  to  bravery  in  the  hour  of 
his  hard-earned  victory.      When,  therefore,  in   1762,  Captain 
Davenport  transformed  his  dwelling  near  the  lower  end  of  Fish 
(now  State)  Street  to  a  tavern,  he  dedicated  it  to  his 
lamented  leader,  and  placed  in  front  a  swinging  sign, 
elaborately  carved,  with  a  portrait  of  General  Wolfe, 
surrounded    by  a   wreath    entwined  with  scrolls,  the 
whol^  appropriately  painted  and  gilded.     This  highly 


Colonial 


decorative  emblem  was  freely  threatened  with  destruction,  dur- 
ing the  Revolutionary  War,  when  only  the  hatred  of  all  things 
British  was  thought  of,  and  former  pride  in  the  achievements  of 
Wolfe  forgotten.  While  all  other  reminders  of  royalty  were 
destroyed,  and  notwithstanding  the  declaration  of  a  local  news- 
paper, that  it  was  an  "insult  to  the  inhabitants  of  this  truly 
republican  town,"  it  remained  in  place  until  destroyed  by  the 
great  fire  of  1  8  1  1  .  The  present  sign  was  erected  in  1814, 
when  the  tavern  was  removed  to  its  present  location. 

Before  the  introduction  of  railroads,  the  Wolfe  Tavern  was 
the  property,  and  a  station,  of  the  Eastern  Stage  Company, 
which  ran  daily  trips,  with  relays  of  horses,  to  Boston  and 
Portsmouth;  and  the  arrival  and  departure  of  the  stages,  which,  it 
may  be  noted,  were  all  built  in  Newburyport,  were  events  of 
considerable  importance,  and  attended  with  consequent  excite- 
ment. The  Eastern  Stage  Company  was  the  forerunner  of  the 
Eastern  Railroad  Company,  which  road  is  now  operated  by  the 
Boston  &  Maine  Railroad  Company. 

The  brick  building  on  the  corner  of  State  and  Harris  Streets, 
which  was  the  nucleus  of  the  present  hotel  building,  was  first 
occupied  as  a  residence  by  Colonel  John  Peabody,  uncle  of 
George  Peabody,  and  then  a  merchant  in  this  town. 

Two  Newburyport  men,  members  of  Captain  Richard  Tit- 
comb's  company,  were  of  the  number  that  conveyed  Benedict 
Arnold  to  the  British  ship  Vulture,  in  September,  1780,  and 
scorned  his  offer  of  promotion,  if  they  would  follow  him  in  his 
then  announced  desertion  from  the  American  to  the  English 
forces. 

One  of  the  ancient  institutions  of  Newburyport  is  the  office 
of  town-crier.  It  is  now  neither  appointive  nor  elective,  the 
present  incumbent  having,  years  ago,  succeeded  to  it,  and  con- 


tinued  without  opposition.  In  early  times  he  commanded  atten- 
tion with  a  drum,  and  one  of  his  duties  was  to  escort  petty 
culprits  through  the  principal  streets,  calling  attention  to  their 
offences,  which  they  also  were  sometimes  required  to  proclaim. 
The  business  of  the  present  picturesque  exemplar  is,  however, 
mostly  confined  to  announcements  of  excursions  or  entertain- 
ments, varied  with  the  promotion  of  retail  trade,  and  his,  "Hear 
what  I  have  to  say!"  is  preceded  by  the  clang  of  a  large  hand- 
bell. It  is  doubtful  if  this  functionary  survives  anywhere  else  in 
the  United  States. 

The  Curfew  Bell,  which  has  recently  given  its  name  to  a 
movement  to  compel  the  retiring  of  young  people  from  the  streets 
at  nine  o'clock  in  the  evening,  has,  with  the  exception  of  a  short 
interval  in  the  last  decade,  been  rung  here  nightly  for  one 
hundred  and  ninety-two  years,  and  it  is  indeed  a  curfew,  or 
signal  for  retiring,  for  many  people. 

The  first  vessel  to  display  the  American  flag  on  the  river 
Thames,  was  the  Count  de  Grasse,  Captain  Nicholas  Johnson, 
of  this  port. 

A  Newburyport  ship,  the  Indus,  was  also  the  first  to  sail  from 
this  country  to  Calcutta,  after  the  war  of  1812,  and  made  the 
return  trip  before  news  of  her  arrival  had  otherwise  reached 
here. 

A  few  months  later  in  the  same  year,  another  vessel,  the 
Dryad,  sailed  from  here  to  carry  to  Calcutta  the  first  five 
missionaries  of  the  American  Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  an 
organization  established  here  by  a  Newburyport  and  a  Salem 
clergyman,  but  which  has  long  since  outgrown  its  early  home 
and  removed  to  broader  fields. 

The  history  of  ship-building  at  this  port,  includes  many  items 
of  general  interest.  While  it  is  impossible,  through  imperfect 


Colonial  Boofe 


registration,  to  ascertain  the  exact  number  of  vessels  built  on 
the  Merrimac,  it  is  probable  that,  from  first  to  last,  the  number 
would  be  upwards  of  two  thousand. 

The  water-line  model  which  enabled  a  designer  to  more 
easily  and  accurately  ascertain  the  lines  and  sections  of  his 
creation,  was  invented  here  by  a  prominent  ship-builder, 
Orlando  Merrill,  in  1794.  The  original  model  of  this  in- 
vention is  now  preserved  in  the  rooms  of  the  New  York  His- 
torical Society. 

In  1853  the  celebrated  clipper  ship  Dreadnaught  was  built 
here,  a  vessel  whose  remarkable  records  of  crossing  the  Atlantic 
in  a  little  more  than  thirteen  days,  were  nearly  equal  to  those  of 
the  first  steamshipso 

Newburyport  closed  the  record  of  ship-building  in  Massa- 
chusetts, with  the  launching,  in  1882,  of  the  Mary  L.  Gushing, 
the  last  vessel  of  that  class  built  in  this  state. 

Although  the  various  societies  of  Daughters  of  the  Revolution 
are  of  comparatively  recent  formation,  the  spirit  which  they  rep- 
resent was  manifest  in  Newburyport  as  early  as  1796,  as  shown 
from  the  following  from  the  Impartial  Herald  of  that  year. 

Newburyport,  February  26,  1796.  Female  patriotism.  A 
number  of  ladies  belonging  to  this  town  met  on  Monday,  in  honor 
of  the  day  that  gave  birth  to  the  man  "who  unites  all  hearts," 
and  dedicated  a  few  glasses  to  the  following  truly  sentimental 
and  highly  republican  toasts. 
I  .  May  our  beloved  President  preside  at  the  helm  of  government 

longer  than  we  shall  have  time  to  tell  his  years. 

Mrs.  Washington,  respected  consort  of  our  illustrious  chief. 

May  the  fair  patriots  of  America  never  fail  to  assert  their 

independence,  which  nature  equally  dispenses. 

Maria  Charlotte  Corday.     May  each  Columbian  daughter, 

like  her,  be  ready  to  sacrifice  their  life  to  liberty. 

The  day  that  saw  the  wondrous  hero  rise  shall,  more  than 

all  our  sacred  days,  be  blessed. 


WHILE  the  purpose  of  this  book  is  to  give,  in  connection 
with  Colonial  silverware,  an  outline  of  the  Colonial  and 
Revolutionary  history  of  Newburyport,  it  is  also  designed 
to  note  briefly  some  of  the  chief  points  of  interest  in  neighboring 
cities  and  towns.  This  reference  to  its  main  object  is  made 
that  any  seeming  lack  of  proportion  between  the  representation 
of  a  place  and  its  known  importance  may  be  understood,  and  the 
random  character  of  the  selections  accounted  for. 

Salem  is  particularly  rich  in  points  of  interest  around  which 
history  or  tradition  has  left  its  charm  of  romance  or  pall  of  tragedy. 
It  was  here  that  occurred  the  first  armed  resistance  of  the 
Revolution,  when,  on  the  2 6th  of  February,  1775,  the  march 
of  three  hundred  British  troops  sent  by  General  Gage  to  seize 
munitions  of  war  was  arrested.  From  here  came  Colonel  Tim- 
othy Pickering,  one  of  Washington's  most  trusted  advisers,  and 
to  whom  was  given  successively  every  office  in  his  cabinet,  when 
the  latter  became  president. 

In  addition  to  its  wealth  of  history  and  the  memories  of  its 
once  famous  commerce,  its  heroes  of  war  and  statecraft,  and  its 
merchant  princes,  Salem  is  remembered  and  particularly  visited 
as  the  home  of  Hawthorne  and  the  scene  of  several  of  his  romances. 
His  birthplace,  the  home  of  his  youth,  the  "House  of  Seven 
Gables,"  the  "Grimshaw  House,"  and  Custom  House,  as  well 


as  the  many  other  houses  and  haunts  immortalized  in  his  writings, 
bring  to  the  thoughtful  visitor  a  vivid  sense  of  personal  acquaintance, 
not  to  be  gained  alone  by  the  reading  of  his  works.  Cther  cities 
have  historic  associations  and  fine  old  architecture,  have  had  even 
the  witches  —  of  painful  memory  —  but  only  Salem  can  show 
these  originals  of  storied  scenes. 

THOUGH  small  in  point  of  population,  Marblehead  has 
strongly  marked  characteristics,  and  has  played  a  very 
important  part  in  the  history  of  our  country.  Like  the 
other  seaport  towns  of  northern  Massachusetts,  it  furnished  many 
men  for  the  navy  of  the  Revolution,  and  none  were  braver  or 
hardier  than  the  sons  of  this  rocky  and  picturesque  hamlet. 
Chief  among  these  was  Captain  Mugford,  to  whose  memory 
and  that  of  his  crew  a  memorial  has  been  erected.  He  captured, 
off  Boston  harbor,  in  May,  1776,  a  British  ship,  laden  with 
military  supplies;  but,  after  sending  this  safely  to  port,  was  the 
same  day  killed,  while  defending  his  ship  against  an  attack  of 
the  enemy.  v 

Here  lived  Agnes  Surriage,  beloved  of  Sir  Henry  Frankland, 
and  here  also  is  the  scene  of  Whittier's  poem  of  "Skipper  Ire- 
son's  Ride,"  though  the  story  is  doubtless  largely  imaginary. 

The  old  town  is  said  to  have  been  a  resort  of  pirates  and  buc- 
caneers from  the  Spanish  Main,  but  it  is  pleasanter  to  contemplate 
its  visitors  of  to-day,  the  magnificent  yachts 
that  rendezvous  here  from  the  coast. 


ACROSS  the  harbor  from  Marblehead  is  Beverly,  the  two 
arranged  like  sentinels,  guarding  the  approach  to  Salem, 
which  is  further  inland.  Marblehead  and  Beverly  divide 
other  honors,  for  the  regiment  commanded  by  Colonel  Glover 
was  rec:  Jted  from  both  places,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the 
Revolution.  It  was  at  one  time  stationed  at  Beverly,  to  cover 
the  movements  of  British  men-of-war  lying  in  the  outer  harbor. 
This  regiment  was  frequently  selected  by  Washington  for  enter- 
prises requiring  great  courage  and  skill,  as  instanced  by  its  respon- 
sible part  in  the  evacuation  of  New  York  by  the  American  army 
in  1776.  Its  most  notable  achievement,  however,  was  the 
memorable  passage  of  the  Delaware,  when,  on  the  night  of 
Christmas,  1776,  Washington's  army  was  enabled,  under  the 
skillful  guidance  of  these  men  of  Marblehead  and  Beverly,  to 
cross  in  safety  the  stormy  and  ice-filled  river,  and  capture  at 
Trenton  a  large  part  of  the  British  army. 

Beverly  was  bombarded  by  the  British  ship  Nautilus,  but 
suffered  no  great  damage.  In  return,  her  privateers,  which  were 
early  commissioned,  brought  in  many  valuable  prizes  and  materi- 
ally aided  the  American  cause. 

AT  the  time  of  the  Revolution  and  for  the  first  half  of  this 
century,  the  whole  of  Cape  Ann  was  known  as  Glouces- 
ter.   Since  that  time  the  towns  of  Rockport  and  Annisquam 
have  been  set  off,  thus  reducing  the  territory  of  Gloucester. 

Fishing,  in  which  it  is  now  supreme,  has  always  been  its  lead- 
ing industry,  and  the  "Captains  Courageous"  of  Kipling  were  no 
less  so  when  courage  meant  the  braving  of  hostile  guns  as  well  as 
tempest  and  rocky  shores. 


Colonial  Boofc 


A  Newburyport  privateer,  the  Yankee  Hero,  reinforced  by 
Gloucester  sailors,  was  captured,  off  the  Cape,  by  a  British  man- 
of-war,  disguised  as  a  merchantman,  after  a  hard  fought  battle. 
Among  the  noted  patriots  of  those  days,  Captain  Harraden  of 
Gloucester  was  a  famous  and  successful  fighter  who  did  great 
service  for  his  country. 

On  the  southerly  side  of  the  entrance  to  Gloucester  harbor, 
lies  the  reef  of  Norman's  Woe  —  remembered  in  Longfellow's 
"Wreck  of  the  Hesperus"  —  the  ceaseless  peal  of  the  floating 
bell  warning  the  mariner  of  its  menacing  presence,  as  when,  on 
that  fatal  night  of  old,  the  skipper's  daughter  cried:  — 

"O  father!  I  hear  the  church-bells  ring, 
O  say,  what  may  it  be?" 

ONE  of  the  most  interesting  of  neighboring  cities  is  Ports- 
mouth.     From  the  earliest  time  it  has  been  fortified,  and 
later  its  fine  deep  harbor  led  to  the  establishment  of  the 
Navy  Yard  and  attendant  government  institutions. 

All  the  prevalent  sentiments  of  liberty  and  independence  noted 
in  accounts  of  other  places  were  characteristic  of  Portsmouth, 
though  the  town  had  probably  a  greater  number  of  prominent 
loyalists  than  any  other,  save  Boston.  They  were  roughly  handled 
by  the  patriots,  and  at  the  outbreak  of  open  hostilities  were  obliged 
to  seek  safety  elsewhere. 

One  of  the  first  decisive  acts  of  the  Revolution,  if  not  the  first, 
was  successfully  consummated  here,  on  the  night  of  December 
14,  1774,  four  months  before  the  battle  of  Lexington. 

On  that  night,  a  party  of  men,  anticipating  the  garrisoning  of 
Fort  William  and  Mary,  at  Newcastle,  by  the  forces  of  the  king, 
descended  on  the  fort,  surprising  and  overpowering  the  sentinel 
and  commandant,  forced  its  surrender,  and  removed  to  Portsmouth 
upwards  of  one  hundred  barrels  of  gunpowder  and  fifteen  of  the 
lightest  cannon.  The  munitions  were  effectively  used  in  the  Rev- 
olution, a  large  part  of  the  gunpowder  being  sent  to  Cambridge. 

Portsmouth  was  markedly  aristocratic 
in  early  times,  and  the  elegant  Colonial 
mansions  that  still  adorn  its  streets  are 
.reminders  of  the  days  of  affluence, 
when,  like  Newburyport  and  Salem, 
it  gloried  in  a  large  foreign  trade  or 
hoarded  the  gains  of  privateering. 


Colonial  Iteooft 


HAVERHILL,  which  is  to-day  a  populous  and  busy  city, 
lacked  the  advantages  of  the  coast  towns,  and  although 
settled  in  1640,  did  not  reach  its  present  development 
until  the  era  of  manufacturing  had  superseded  that  of  commerce. 
It  was,  however,  notably  active  in  the  events  leading  up  to  the 
Revolution,  and  furnished,  both  promptly  and  willingly,  its  full 
quota  of  men  and  funds  for  that  war. 

In  earlier  times,  Haverhill  suffered  severely  from  Indian  attacks, 
its  inland  situation  rendering  it  particularly  liable  to  this  danger. 
The  most  famous  of  these  took  place  on  the  fifteenth  of  March, 
1697,  when  thirty-nine  persons  were  killed  or  captured,  and  a 
number  of  houses  burned.  Among  those  taken  prisoners  were, 
Hannah  Duston — whose  husband,  Thomas  Duston,  fought  his 
way  to  safety,  with  seven  of  their  eight  children — and  Mary 
Neff,  her  nurse.  After  traveling  some  days  and  suffering  many 
hardships,  they  were  brought  to  an  island  in  the  Merrimac, 
situated  a  few  miles  above  what  is  now  Concord.  Early  on  the 
morning  of  April  30,  while  the  savages  all  slept,  Mrs.  Duston 
aroused  her  nurse  and  an  English  youth  who  had  been  longer  a 
prisoner,  and,  arming  themselves  with  tomahawks,  they  killed 
their  captors,  to  the  number  of  ten,  a  squaw  and  youth  escaping. 
After  scuttling  all  the  canoes  but  one,  they  provisioned  that  and 
started  back  to  Haverhill,  but,  before  going  far,  decided  to  return 
and  scalp  the  Indians,  as  evidence  of  their  deed;  this  they  did, 
finally  reaching  home  in  safety.  One  of  the  features  of  Haverhill 
is  the  Hannah  Duston  monument  commemorating  this  event. 

A  FEW  miles  from  Newburyport,  in  the  town  of  Amesbury, 
is  the  home  of  Whittier's  later  years,  and  from  there,  in 
1892,  he  was  buried,  the   simple  service  attended  by  a 
gathering  of  genius  such  as  few  occasions  could  attract. 

An  interesting  reminder  of  Whittier,  in  Amesbury,  is  the 
"Captain's  Well,"  the  subject  of  his  poem  of  that  name. 
It  was  constructed  by  Captain  Bagley,  in  or  about  1 794. 

"  I  will  dig  a  well  for  the  passers-by, 
And  none  shall  suffer  from  thirst,  as  I.** 

S  active  revolution  had  its  beginning  in  the  battles  of  Con- 
cord and  Lexington,  battles  which  filled  the  roads  from 
far  and  near  with  hurrying  minute-men,  pressing 


A 


Colonial  liooft 


eagerly  to  the  aid  of  their  heroic  compatriots,  we  have  included 
illustrations  of  a  few  of  the  many  historic  buildings  and  commem- 
orative monuments  identified  with  this  uprising,  with  which  these 
towns  abound. 

All  the  towns  here  written  of,  and  many  others,  share  in  a 
degree,  with  Concord  and  Lexington,  the  glory  of  these 
monuments;  for,  while  only  those  favored  by  proximity  arrived 
in  time  to  take  part  in  the  fighting,  all  responded  imme- 
diately to  the  alarm. 


SOME  PLACES  OF  HISTORIC  INTEREST  IN 
NEWBURYPORT  AND  VICINITY  WHICH 
MAY  BE  REACHED  BY  ELECTRIC  CARS. 

NEWBURYPORT  is  SITUATED  AT  THE  MOUTH  OF  THE  MER- 
RIMAC  RlVER,  WHICH  JOINS  THE  ATLANTIC  ON  THE  NORTH 
SHORE  OF  MASSACHUSETTS  BAY,  THIRTY-SEVEN  MILES  FROM 
BOSTON,  AND  is  REACHED  BY  TWO  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  BOSTON 
AND  MAINE  RAILROAD,  FROM  THE  NORTHERN  UNION  STATION, 
CAUSEWAY  STREET,  BOSTON. 

Parker  river,  named  for  Rev.  Thomas  Parker,  one  of  the  first 
settlers  who  landed  on  its  north  shore  in  1 63  5.  About  four  miles 
from  railroad  station. 


Colonial 


The  picturesque  Spencer- Pierce  house,  also  called  the 
»' Garrison  House,"  built  by  Daniel  Pierce  about  1670,  on  a 
farm  of  four  hundred  acres  laid  out  to  John  Spencer  in  1635. 

"Trayneing  Green,"  laid  out  in  1642.  Scene  of  the  en- 
campment of  Quebec  expedition  under  Benedict  Arnold* 
September,  1775,  and  location  of  a  boulder  and  bronze  tablet 
commemorating  the  event. 

The  Noyes  house  on  Parker  Street,  built  about  the  year  1646 
by  Rev.  James  Noyes  associate  pastor  with  Rev.  Thomas 
Parker.  Near  by  is  the  old  elm  of  Newbury,  a  tree  of  romantic 
origin,  and  the  subject  of  a  poem  by  Hannah  Flagg  Gould. 

The  Coffin  house,  High  Street,  occupied  by  Tristram  Coffin, 
in  1653,  and  afterwards  the  residence  of  Joshua  Coffin,  the 
historian  of  Newbury,  also  remembered  as  Whittier's  "Village 
Schoolmaster. ' '  Still  occupied  by  descendants  of  the  original 
owner. 

The  Illsley  house,  High  Street,  near  head  of  Marlborough 
Street,  built  in  1670,  and  at  one  time  a  tavern.  Nearby,  from 
1653  to  1755,  was  the  Blue  Anchor  Tavern,  the  most  important 
of  early  inns. 

House  No.  65  High  Street,  owned  and  occupied  by  Caleb 
Cushing  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

First  Presbyterian  meeting  house,  Federal  Street,  erected  in 
1756  and  rebuilt  in  1856.  Here  Rev.  George  Whitefield,  the 
great  evangelist,  preached  and  was  buried,  in  a  vault  under  the 
pulpit. 

Nos.  3  and  5  School  Street,  the  house  where  William  Lloyd 
Garrison  was  born. 

Nos.  9  and  1 1  School  Street,  the  house  where  Rev.  George 
Whitefield  died. 

Bomb-shell,  on  a  stone  post  at  the  corner  of  Middle  and  Inde- 
pendence Streets.  Brought  from  Louisburg  by  Nathaniel  Knapp, 
after  the  capture  of  that  fortress,  in  1758. 

Market  Square.  On  the  southeasterly  side  stood  the  house 
owned  by  William  Morse,  whose  wife,  Goody  Morse,  was,  in 
1679,  convicted  of  witchcraft  and  sentenced  to  death;  but,  the 
people  becoming  more  enlightened,  the  sentence  was  not  executed. 


Colonial 


This  was  probably  the  first  case  of  trial  and  conviction  for  witch- 
craft in  Massachusetts. 

Rooms  of  Newburyport  Marine  Society,  State  Street,  organ- 
ized in  1772;  containing  curiosities  gathered  by  members. 
Open  to  visitors  from  10  to  1  2  A.  M.,  2  to  4  P.  M. 

No.  21  Charter  Street,  for  many  years  the  residence  of  Hannah 
Flagg  Gould,  author  of  several  volumes  of  prose  and  poetry. 

Public  Library  building,  erected  in  1771  by  Patrick  Tracy,  a 
prominent  merchant,  as  a  residence  for  his  son,  Nathaniel  Tracy, 
also  a  merchant  and  ship  owner  who  attained  wide  prominence 
by  reason  of  the  magnitude  of  his  operations  and  the  magnificence 
of  his  living.  Washington  occupied  apartments  in  this  house 
in  1789,  and  Lafayette  was  entertained  here  in  1824.  In 
1  865  the  building  was  purchased  and  adapted  for  the  present  use, 
and  was  added  to  in  1882,  by  the  generosity  of  Michael  Simpson. 
On  the  first  floor  are:  a  free  reading  room,  maintained  for  many 
years  through  the  liberality  of  William  C.  Todd,  Esq.,  and  the 
rooms  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Old  Newbury,  where  visitors 
may  inspect  objects  of  historic  interest.  Some  of  the  rooms  on 
this  floor  retain  their  original  character. 

Dalton  house,  No  95  State  Street,  built  in  1750,  and  occu- 
pied by  Tristriam  Dalton,  the  first  senator  to  congress  from 
Massachusetts.  Was  later  occupied  by  Moses  Brown,  a  wealthy 
merchant.  Now  owned  and  occupied  by  the  Dalton  Club. 

Frog  Pond  and  Bartlett  Mall,  now  included  in  Washington 
Park,  were  first  improved  in  1  800,  through  the  exertions  and 
liberality  of  Captain  Edmund  Bartlett. 

The  Court  House  stands  on  this  Mall,  and  nearly  opposite  is 
the  Putnam  Free  School  building,  one  of  the  earliest  and  most 
liberal  institutions  of  its  kind.  At  the  easterly  end  of  the  Park 
is  a  statue  of  Washington  by  J.  Q.  A.  Ward,  presented  to  the 
city  by  Daniel  I.  Tenney. 

House  No.  34  Green  Street,  built  in  1879  by  Hon.  Theo- 
philus  Parsons,  an  eminent  jurist,  with  whom  John  Quincy 
Adams  and  Robert  Treat  Paine  studied  law,  and  occupied  by 
him  until  1800. 


Brown  Square,  given  to  the  city  by  Moses  Brown  in  1802. 
The  statue  of  William  Lloyd  Garrison  was  presented  to  the 
city  by  William  H.  Swasey,  Esq.,  and  is  by  David  M.  French 
of  Newburyport. 

Meeting  house  of  the  First  Religious  Society,  Pleasant  Street, 
built  in  1 800.  A  fine  example  of  early  architecture,  with 
characteristic  interior. 

High  Street,  St.  Paul's  Church.  The  first  building  was 
erected  herein  1738,  and  was  taken  down  in  the  year  1800,  to 
make  room  for  the  present  edifice.  Right  Rev.  Edward  Bass, 
D.D.,  was  at  that  time  rector  of  the  church,  and  was  the  first 
bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island.  It  has 
many  interesting  architectural  features,  and  also  a  bell  made  by 
Paul  Revere. 

Dexter  house,  No.  201  High  Street,  built  by  Jonathan  Jack- 
son in  1772,  and  later  purchased  and  occupied  by  "Lord" 
Timothy  Dexter,  a  wealthy  and  eccentric  character,  by  whom 
it  was  adorned  with  many  wooden  statues,  since  removed.  It 
was  purchased  in  1874  by  Mr.  George  H.  Corliss,  the  renowned 
engine  builder,  and  occupied  by  his  family  until  recently. 

Lowell-Johnson  house,  No.  203  High  Street,  built  about  1774 
by  John  Lowell,  son  of  Rev.  John  Lowell,  who  was  afterwards 
judge  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court.  He  was  the  father  of 
Francis  Cabot  Lowell,  for  whom  the  city  of  Lowell  was  named, 
grandfather  of  the  founder  of  the  Lowell  Institute  of  Boston,  and 
also  grandfather  of  James  Russell  Lowell.  The  house  was  later 
occupied  by  John  Tracy,  son  of  Patrick  Tracy,  and  he  entertained 
here,  in  1782,  the  Marquis  de  Castellux,  Baron  Talleyrand, 
and  other  officers  of  the  French  army. 

House  No.  244  High  Street,  frequently  the  home  of  John  G. 
Whittier  during  the  last  years  of  his  life. 


The  Toppan  house,  No.  10  Toppan  Street,  built  by  Jacob 
Toppanin  1670,  and  still  in  possession  of  his  lineal  descendants. 

House  northeasterly  corner  of  Oakland  and  High  Streets,  was 
owned  and  occupied  by  James  Parton. 

Pillsbury  place,  No.  265  High  Street.  This  was  first  the 
farm  of  Edward  Rawson,  clerk  of  the  town  and  member  of  the 
House  of  Deputies.  Later,  he  was  for  thirty-five  years  secretary  of 
the  Colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay.  In  1651  it  was  by  him  sold 
to  Job  C.  Pillsbury,  who  in  1700  erected  a  dwelling  house, 
which  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1889,  and  of  which  the  present 
structure,  owned  and  occupied  by  his  descendants,  is  a  copy. 

Essex,  Merrimac,  or  "Chain"  Bridge.  Here  in  1792  was 
erected  the  first  bridge  across  the  Merrimac  river.  It  was,  in 
1810,  superseded  by  the  present  suspension  bridge,  which  was 
the  second  of  its  kind  in  the  country. 

Deer  Island,  home  of  Harriet  Prescott  Spofford.  The  house 
here  was,  in  the  early  part  of  the  century,  a  noted  tavern  and 
toll-house  for  the  bridges  on  either  side. 


Colonial  Boofc 


Among  the  most  interesting  spots  to  be  found  are  the  old 
burial  grounds  with  their  curious  and  quaintly  inscribed  head- 
stones, memorials  in  many  cases  of  famous  characters,  and  in 
themselves  a  written  history  of  many  early  events.  Those 
most  easily  reached  are:  — 

The  Burying  Ground  of  the  First  Parish,  High  Street,  near 
"Trayneing  Green."  Many  of  the  first  settlers  are  buried  here. 

The  Old  Hill  Burying  Ground  and  the  New  Hill  Burying 
Ground,  both  on  Pond  Street,  near  Washington  Park.  Here 
are  buried  many  once  prominent  in  local  and  national  affairs. 

St.  Paul's  Church-yard,  High  Street. 

Burying  Ground  of  the  Second  Parish,  Sawyer's  Hill. 

Belleville  Cemetery,  formerly  churchyard  of  Queen  Anne's 
Chapel,  the  first  building  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 

Oak  Hill  Cemetery,  State  Street,  consecrated  in  1  842,  is  the 
most  important  modern  burying  ground,  and  is  noteworthy  for 
the  beauty  of  its  situation  and  arrangement,  as  well  as  for  its 
entrance  gates  and  many  fine  monuments. 

For  much  of  the  information  contained  in  the  above 
list  the  compiler  is  indebted  to  a  volume  entitled, 
"OULD  NEWBURY,"  by  John  J.  Currier. 
Published  hy  Damrell  and  Up  ham,  Boston,  Mass, 


This  little  book  was  arranged  and  printed  for  the 

TOWLE  MFG.  COMPANY,  Silversmiths 

by  WILL  BRADLEY,  at  the  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 
Cambridge,  U.  S.  A. 


Ont  Hundred  and  Sixtieth  Thousand 


TEI3  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  5O  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $I.OO  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
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JAN  21  1944 

APR  30  1948 

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